HID Wiegand cards are one of the most secure cards of access control, since they are virtually impossible to duplicate. Wiegand effect is a pulse-generating phenomenon in a special alloy wire that is processed in such a way as to create two distinct magnetic regions in the same homogeneous piece of wire, referred to as a shell and a core. These two magnetic regions react differently to any applied magnetic field. The shell requires a strong magnetic field to reverse its magnetic polarity, whereas the core will revert under weaker field conditions. When the shell and core change to different polarity orientations, the Wiegand pulse is generated, and is sensed by a pickup coil (the reader).

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